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The University of Pavia (Italian: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV or Università di Pavia; Latin: Alma Ticinensis Universitas) is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. There was evidence of teaching as early as 1361, making it one of the oldest universities in the world. It was the sole university in the greater Lombardy region until the end of the 19th century. Currently, it has 18 departments and 9 faculties. It does not have a main campus; its buildings and facilities are scattered around the city, which is in turn called "a city campus". The university caters to more than 20,000 students who come from Italy and all over the world.

The university offers more than 80 undergraduate programs; over 40 master programs, and roughly 20 doctoral programs (including 8 in English). About 1,500 students who enter the university every year are international students.

The university operates multiple cultural and scientific museums, including the University History Museum, a botanical garden, research centers, university libraries and a university press. The university is also affiliated with Policlinico San Matteo, at which hundreds of medical students from the university perform clinical rotations during their clinical years.

The University of Pavia is a member of the COIMBRA Group , EC2U and European University Association. It also participates in the Erasmus Programme, which allows student exchanges between the University of Pavia and various universities in Europe.

History

Foundation and the Middle Ages

An edict issued by the Frankish king of Italy, Lothar I (ruled 818–55) mentions the existence of a higher education institution at Pavia as early as AD 825. This institution, mainly devoted to ecclesiastical and civil law as well as to divinity studies, was then selected as the prime educational centre for northern Italy.In 1361, the institution was officially established as a studium generale by the Holy Roman emperor Charles IV, who granted the same teaching privileges enjoyed by the University of Paris and Bologna, allowing the institution to teach canon and civil law, philosophy, medicine and liberal arts. It was then expanded and renovated by the duke of Milan, Gian Galeazzo Visconti, becoming the sole university in the Duchy of Milan until the end of the 19th century. Gian Galeazzo worked tirelessly to consolidate the institution and in 1389, he obtained a permission from Pope Boniface IX to teach advanced theology courses.

It was divided into two distinct universities — of jurisprudence (teaching civil and canon law courses) and of arts (teaching medicine, philosophy and liberal arts courses). A rector was elected every year, normally a student who was over twenty years old. The institution offered bachelor, licentiate and doctoral degrees. Despite the politics and hardships due to wars and pestilence, it experienced great growth and the institution was considered to be prestigious as evidenced by the influx of foreign students at the time. In 1412, Filippo Maria Visconti further consolidated the universities, invited prominent scholars to teach there and declared an edict giving serious penalties aimed at preventing students from going elsewhere to study.

Renaissance and Modern Period

Towards the 15th century, prominent teachers such as Baldo degli Ubaldi, Lorenzo Valla, Giasone del Maino taught students in the fields of law, philosophy and literary studies. In the same years, Elia di Sabato da Fermo, personal doctor of Filippo Maria Visconti, was the first professor of medicine of the Jewish religion at a European university, while from 1490 a teaching of Hebrew was established at the university.

Not many years later, probably in 1511, Leonardo da Vinci studied anatomy together with Marcantonio della Torre, professor of anatomy at the university.

During the ongoing Italian War of 1521–6, the authorities in Pavia were forced to close the university in 1524. However, during the 16th century, after the university was re-opened, scholars and scientists such as Andrea Alciato and Gerolamo Cardano taught here. During the period in which the duchy of Milan was governed by the kings of Spain, the research and educational activities of the university stagnated, but there were still prominent scholars such as Gerolamo Saccheri who was still involved with the university.

Organization

The university has eighteen departments and two faculties.

Departments

• Department of Clinical Surgery, Diagnostics and Pediatrics
• Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy
• Department of Molecular Medicine
• Department of Public Health and Forensic Medicine
• Department of Neuroscience
• Department of Pharmacy
• Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani"
• Department of Chemistry
• Department of Mathematics
• Department of Physics
• Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
• Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture
• Department of Industrial and Information Engineering
• Department of Economics and Management
• Department of Law
• Department of Political and Social Sciences
• Department of Humanities
• Department of Musicology

Faculties

Faculty of Engineering

Faculty of Medicine and Surgery

Campus

The city of Pavia is essentially a city campus, so the campus buildings are located all around the city. The campuses for Faculty of Political Science and Law are located at Old Campus at Via Strada Nuova, near Pavia Cathedral. The campuses for Faculty of Engineering, Pharmacy, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences are located at Via Ferrata, about 3 km away from the city center, in a building complex called Polo Cravino. The campuses for Faculty of Economics, Department of Psychology and Department of Philosophy are located at the Monastery of San Felice. The campus for Department of Musicology is located at Palazzo Raimondi, Cremona. The campuses for Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine and Surgery are located at Via Taramelli and Via Golgi, near Policlinico San Matteo.

Palazzo Centrale

The entrance to the Old Campus, which hosts the Faculty of Political Science and Law, is located at Via Strada Nuova. The palace has 9 courtyards — Cortile dei Caduti, Cortile di Volta, Cortile delle Statue, Cortile di Atilia Secundina, Cortile del Miliario, Cortile delle Magnolie, Cortile dei Tassi, Cortile Sforzesco, Cortile Teresiano. The palace also hosts more than 40 lecture theatres, including 8 lecture theatres for Faculty of Law and 10 lecture theatres for the Faculty of Political Science. The largest lecture theatre in the university is called Aula Magna, where inauguration ceremonies for graduations, white coat ceremonies and conferment of Medaglio Teresiana are held.

The palace dates back all the way to the 15th century. Originally, lessons by the university were held in private houses, in convents which provide suitable premises or in the same place as the municipal building. At the end of the 15th century, Ludovico il Moro assigned a building in Strada Nuova that belonged to Azzone Visconti to the university. Between 1661 and 1671, a major renovation was carried out under the guidance of the architect Ambrogio Pessina. During the 18th century, Maria Theresa of Austria wanted to make some improvements both to the education system and the building, thus she assigned the architect Giuseppe Piermarini and Leopoldo Pollack to oversee the renovations. Giuseppe Piermarini was in charge of the building facade and the courtyards, while Leopoldo Pollack was in charge of the lecture halls.

During the 19th century, the university also incorporated the former monastery of Leano, which was donated by Joseph II of Lorena Habsburg and expanded to Via Mentana, these works were entrusted to the architect Giuseppe Marchesi, who also constructed the Aula Magna.

Museums

The university also manages multiple points of interest:

University History Museum

The University History Museum (Italian: Museo per la Storia dell'Università) hosts a large number of scientific instruments, anatomical and pathological preparations and samples, historical documents and volumes which are part of the university's history. The museum has dedicated a hall to Golgi (Italian: Sala Golgi), where more than 80 certificates of honorary degrees, diplomas, Nobel prize and other awards are exhibited. The museum collection includes Antonio Scarpa's preserved severed head.

In addition to Scarpa's head, the museum also displays his kidneys and four of his fingers. Other anatomical samples include the aneurysm that killed mathematician Vincenzo Brunacci in 1818, the bladder of naturalist Lazzaro Spallanzani, who died of kidney cancer in 1799 as well as a plaster cast of Alessandro Volta's unusually large skull.

Albert Einstein lived in Pavia from 1895, joining his family after leaving school in Munich, while his father Hermann and uncle Jakob ran the Einstein-Garrone electrotechnical factory; the family resided at Palazzo Cornazzani on Via Ugo Foscolo. There he prepared for the entrance exam to the ETH Zurich, which he entered in October 1895 (initially failing the general portion but excelling in mathematics and physics). In Pavia he also formed a lasting friendship with Ernestina Marangoni, documented by letters (1946–1952) held at the Pavia University museum, and reportedly had informal exchanges with her uncle, physicist Carlo Marangoni (of Gibbs–Marangoni effect fame) during holidays at the family's villa in Casteggio — a possible early influence on Einstein's interest in capillarity, the subject of his first published paper (1901).

Museum of Electrical Technology

The Museum of Electrical Technology (Italian: Museo della Tecnica Elettrica) is intended as a permanent tribute to Alessandro Volta. It has an area of 5,000 sqm, with 3,200 sqm reserved for visitors. It is divided into 5 sections, each section represents a different era of advancements in field of electricity and electronics.

The museum hosts over 4,000 pieces in its collections, including 300 pieces from the Enel collection, 3,028 pieces from the Sirti collection and over 1,000 pieces from the university's own collection. The collection contains devices such as radiotelephones, power supplies, amplifiers, horn loudspeakers, morse telegraphs, radio transmitters and receivers.

In 2017, the museum implemented a 3D tactile map for the blind and disabled. The museum also organizes exhibitions and projects with primary and secondary schools.

Academics

The university offers degree programmes in two languages:

Italian – Most of the courses in the University of Pavia are taught in Italian.

English – One single-cycle master's degree, one undergraduate degree and eight master's degrees are offered in English. These degrees are:

• Three-year undergraduate degree in Artificial intelligence
• Six-year degree in Medicine and Surgery
• Master's degree in Molecular Biology and Genetics (MBG)
• Master's degree in Electronic Engineering
• Master's degree in Computer Engineering
• Master's degree in Industrial Automation Engineering
• Master's degree in International Business and Entrepreneurship (MIBE)
• Master's degree in Economics, Finance and International Integration (MEFI)
• Master's degree in World Politics and International Relations
• Master's degree in Psychology, Neuroscience and Human Sciences

Colleges

The university has one of the most extensive colleges and residence halls in Italy, which house the majority of its students. These colleges are:

EDISU public colleges

EDISU Pavia is an agency established by the university in order to manage activities and services related to the right of study. It manages 4 refectories and 12 public colleges, which are:

• Collegio Fratelli Cairoli (male)
• Collegio Gerolamo Cardano (male and female)
• Collegio Lazzaro Spallanzani (male)
• Collegio Lorenzo Valla (mixed)
• Collegio Castiglioni-Brugnatelli (female)
• Collegio Plinio Fraccaro (male)
• Collegio Benvenuto Griziotti (male and female)
• Residenze Golgi I and II (male and female)
• Collegio Alessandro Volta (male and female)
• Collegio Giasone del Maino (male and female)
• Collegio Universitario Quartier Novo

Private and public colleges

• Collegio Borromeo (male and female)
• Collegio Ghislieri (male and female)
• Collegio Nuovo (female)
• Collegio Santa Caterina da Siena (female)

Medaglia teresiana

The Medaglia teresiana is an academic recognition that establishes the entry of a full professor in the University of Pavia. This award can also be conferred by the Rector of the University of Pavia to people who are particularly distinguished, traditionally hosted at the inauguration of the academic year or the day of the graduates:

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