Турины их сургууль

The University of Turin (Italian: Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a public research university in the city of Turin, in the Piedmont region of Italy. It is one of the oldest universities in Europe and continues to play an important role in research and training.

History

Overview

The University of Turin was founded as a studium in 1404, under the initiative of Prince Ludovico di Savoia. From 1427 to 1436 the seat of the university was transferred to Chieri and Savigliano. It was closed in 1536 following the invasion of the Savoy lands by France, and reestablished by Duke Emmanuel Philibert thirty years later. It started to gain its modern shape following the model of the University of Bologna, although significant development did not occur until the reforms made by Victor Amadeus II, who also created the Collegio delle Province for students not natives of Turin.

With the reforms carried out by Victor Amadeus II, the University of Turin became a new reference model for many other universities. During the 19th century, the university faced an enormous growth in faculty and endowment size, becoming a point of reference of the Italian Positivism. Notable scholars of this period include Cesare Lombroso, Carlo Forlanini, and Arturo Graf.

In the 20th century, the University of Turin was one of the centres of the Italian anti-fascism movement. After the post-war period, the increase in the number of students and the improvement of campus structure were imposed, although they lost some of their importance until a new wave of investments was carried out at the end of that century. The new impulse was performed in collaboration with other national and international research centres, as well as with local organizations and the Italian Minister of Public Instruction.

By the end of the 1990s, the local campuses of Alessandria, Novara, and Vercelli became autonomous units under the new University of Eastern Piedmont.

Early years (1404–1566)

At the beginning of the 15th century, instability in the Lombard region caused by the political and military crisis, coupled with the untimely death of Gian Galeazzo Visconti, induced the teaching staff of the Universities of Pavia and Piacenza to propose to Ludovico di Savoia-Acaia the creation of a new Studium generale.

Choice of the location fell on Turin for a number of reasons: first, it was at the crossroads between the Alps, Liguria and Lombardy; it was also an episcopal seat and in addition, the Savoy Prince was willing to establish a university on his own land, like those in other parts of Italy. In autumn 1404, a bull issued by Benedict XIII, the Avignon Pope, marked the actual birth of a centre of higher learning, formally ratified in 1412 by the Emperor Sigmund's certification and subsequently, in 1413, by a bull issued by antipope John XXIII, the Pisan Pope, and probably by another issued in 1419 by Martin V, Pope of Rome, and by a series of papal privileges. The new institution, which initially only held courses in civil and canon law, was authorized to confer both the academic "licentia" and "doctoratus" titles that later became a single "laurea" (degree) title. The Bishop, as Rector of Studies, proclaimed and conferred the title on the new doctors.

Organization

Legal status, academic policies, and rankings

The current organization of the university system is based on Law 168/89, which set up the Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (Ministry for the Universities and Scientific and Technological Research) and ordered a number of provisions aimed at granting greater autonomy in university administration, and in the structure of research, teaching and organization.

The objective of the subsequent 1999 University reform was to make the Italian tertiary education system comply with the model defined by the European agreements of the Sorbonne and of Bologna. The teaching reform was implemented at the University of Turin with the development and expansion of the provisions of law. Above all applied to vocational guidance, seen as a strategic link between high school and university education, where professional training must not be given preference over the education of citizens, and of the cultivated individual as valuable per se.

The University of Turin has chosen research as its top priority: both fundamental and business-oriented research that blends skills pertaining to:

• National and international research
• Technological transfer (spin off, patents)
• Relations with local business and with the territory
• Commissioned research

Various projects (EU structural funds, etc.)

In 2017, the University of Turin was ranked among the best 500 universities in the world by Times Higher Education. It also placed in the 551–600 bracket in QS world university rankings.

Cooperation and internationalization projects

At the international level, the University of Turin is oriented both to relations with major organizations and to collaboration with developing countries. In the former field, relations with United Nations Agencies have been stepped up, above all with those already operating in Turin: the ILO International Training Centre through the Turin School of Development, UNICRI and UNSSC.

Courses have been organized or sponsored by the university together with the Turin School of Development for some time now, e.g. the Master of Law (LL.M.) in International Trade Law, the Master of Law (LL.M.) in Intellectual Property (within the Faculty of Law, the Master in Management of Development, the master in Applied Labour Economics for Development, master in Public Procurement Management for Sustainable Development, the master in World Heritage at work, the master in Occupational Safety and Health in the Workplace, as well as the advanced course in Diplomatic and International Studies.

There are also research and teaching agreements with South American nations, using distance learning aids and short intensive exchange programmes for teaching staff and students.

Campuses

Main campus in Turin

The university is divided into 55 departments that are located in 13 faculties:

• Faculty of Agriculture
• Faculty of Economics
• Faculty of Education
• Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literature Archived 10 May 2016 at the Wayback Machine
• Faculty of Law Homepage Archived 22 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
• Faculty of Letters and Philosophy Archived 22 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine
• Faculty of Mathematical, Physics and Natural Sciences
• Faculty of Medicine and Surgery
• Second Faculty of Medicine and Surgery "St. Luigi Gonzaga"
• Faculty of Pharmacy Archived 24 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
• Faculty of Political Sciences
• Faculty of Psychology Archived 8 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine
• Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine

Special units

In addition, the university has created schools specifically devoted to certain academic fields, either alone or with partnerships with other institutions. Currently those schools are:

• Interdepartmental University School in Strategic Sciences (SUISS)
• The Interfaculty School for Biotechnologies
• The Interfaculty School of Motor Sciences (SUISM) Archived 22 August 2023 at the Wayback Machine
• The Interfaculty School of Strategic Studies
• The School of Business
• Centre of Advanced Studies on Contemporary China
• The Inter-university School of Specialization for secondary school teachers (SIS)
• The School of Applied Psychology
• The International School of Advanced Studies of the University of Torino (ISASUT)
• The Interuniversity Centre for Comparative Analysis of Institutions, Economics and Law
• The Center for Cognitive Science

Decentralized faculties

The university has a number of faculties outside Turin, mostly located in Piedmont. There are currently units in the fields of:

• Agriculture: in Asti, Alba, Peveragno, Saluzzo, Fossano, Verzuolo, Ormea, Sanremo
• Economics: in Asti, Pinerolo and Biella
• Pharmacology: in Savigliano
• Law: in Cuneo
• Arts and Philosophy: in Ivrea and Biella
• Medicine and Surgery: in Orbassano, Cuneo and Aosta
• Veterinary Medicine: in Moretta and Asti
• Education Sciences: in Savigliano
• Political Science: in Ivrea, Cuneo, Biella

Notable alumni and faculty

Alumni

As one of Italy's oldest universities, the university has a long list of notable alumni, including prime ministers, Nobel Prize winners and prominent lawyers, philosophers and writers.

Business

Franco Bernabè, banker and CEO of Telecom Italia

Domenico Siniscalco, vice chairman Europe and country head of Morgan Stanley

Law

• Joseph de Maistre, philosopher, jurist and diplomat
• Kakai Kissinger, human rights activist, lawyer
• Ugo Mattei, law professor
• Lidia Poët, first female Italian advocate
• Gianni Agnelli, former head of FIAT

Literature

• Italo Calvino, journalist and writer
• Giacomo Debenedetti, writer and literary critic
• Hector Abad Faciolince, writer and journalist
• Giuseppe Giacosa, librettist, poet, playwright
• Natalia Ginzburg, writer, anti-fascist activist, and politician
• Primo Levi, chemist, essayist, writer and survivor of the Holocaust
• Claudio Magris, writer and novelist

Points of interest

Orto Botanico dell'Università di Torino, the university's botanical garden

Эх сурвалж: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0)